外科 surgery
生物心理社会模式 biopsychosocial model
术前评估 preoperative evaluation
超声诊断 ultrasonography
血管镜 angioscopy
腹腔镜外科 laparoscopic surgery
微创外科 minimally invasive surgery(MIS)
胆道镜 choledochoscopy
腹腔镜 laparoscopy
后穹隆镜 culdoscopy
腹腔镜胆囊切除术 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC
消化内镜 gastrointestinal endoscopy
止血夹 haemoclip
内镜下逆行胰胆管造影 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP
经导管动脉内药物灌注术 transcatheter intraarterial infusion, TII
经导管动脉栓塞术 transcatheter arterial embolization, TAE
无菌原则 aseptic procedures
无菌术 aseptic technique
无菌法 asepsis
抗菌法 antisepsis
等渗性缺水 isotonic dehydration
低渗性缺水 hypotonic dehydration
高渗性缺水 hypertonic dehydration
水中毒 water intoxication
低钾血症 hypokalemia
高钾血症 hyperkalemia
低钙血症 hypocalcemia
高钙血症 hypercalcemia
镁缺乏 magnesium deficiency
镁过多 magnesium excess
低磷血症 hypophosphatemia
高磷血症 hyperphosphatemia
代谢性酸中毒 metabolic acidosis
代谢性碱中毒 metabolic alkalosis
呼吸性酸中毒 respiratory acidosis
呼吸性碱中毒 respiratory alkalosis
输血 blood transfusion
大量输血 massive transfusion
红细胞生成素 erythropoietin,EPO
溶血性输血反应 hemolytic transfusion reactions
自体输血 autologous blood transfusion
回收式自体输血 salvaged autotransfusion
预存式自体输血 predeposited autotransfusion
稀释式自体输血 hemodiluted autotransfusion
血液成分 blood components
新鲜冰冻血浆 fresh frozen plasma,FFP
血液代用品 blood substitute
休克 shock
失血性休克 hemorrhagic shock
创伤性休克 traumatic shock
脓毒性休克 septic shock
肠外营养 total parenteral nutrition ,TPN
肠内营养 total enteral nutrition ,TEN
基础能量消耗 basal energy expenditure ,BEE
要素饮食 elemental diet
多器官功能衰竭 multiple organ failure ,MOF
急性肾衰竭 acute renal failure ,ARF
少尿 oliguria
无尿 anuria
血液净化 hemopurification
血液透析 hemodialysis
腹膜透析 peritoneal dialysis
应激性溃疡 stress ulcer
脑水肿 cerebral edema
急性肝衰竭 acute hepatic failure
误吸 aspiration
窒息 apnea
吸入性肺炎 aspiration pneumonitis
意识 consciousness
唤醒 arousal
觉醒 awareness
药物治疗 pharmacological therapy
外伤性癫痫 post-traumatic epilepsy
急救复苏 aid and resuscitation
心肺复苏 cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,CPR
心肺脑复苏 cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation ,CPCR
基本生命支持（初期复苏） basic life support ,BLS
后期复苏 advanced life support ,ALS
复苏后治疗 post-resuscitation treatment ,PRT
脑保护 brain protection
脑复苏 brain resocitation
脑死亡 brain death
植物状态 vegetative state
植物人 persistent vegetative state （PVS）
疼痛治疗 pain management
神经源性疼痛 neuropathic pain
心理性疼痛 psychogenic pain
中枢性疼痛 central pain
末梢性疼痛 peripheral pain
单次剂量 demand dose
面肌痉挛 facial spasm
三叉神经痛 trigeminal neuralgia
舌咽神经痛 glossopharyngeal neuralgia
低氧血症 hypoxemia
恶性高热 malignant hyperthermia
低血压 hypotension
高血压 hypertension
心律失常 arrhythmia
心跳骤停 cardiac arrest
心室纤颤 ventricular fibrillation
抽搐 twitching
惊厥 convulsions
重症监测治疗病室 intensive care unit ,ICU
恢复体位 recovery position
中心静脉压 central venous pressure ,CVP
扭伤 sprain
挫伤 contusion
软组织刺伤 pricking wound
异物 foreign body
浅部切割伤 incised wound
敷料更换（换药术） change of dressing
疖 furuncle
痈 carbuncle
急性蜂窝织炎 acute cellulitis
新生儿皮下坏疽 subcutaneous gangrene of newborn
急性淋巴管炎 acute lymphangitis
丹毒 erysipelas
脓肿 abscess
甲沟炎 paronychia
脓性指头炎 felon
瘘管 fistula cannulas
窦道 sinus tract
皮样囊肿 dermoid cyst
皮脂腺囊肿 sebaceous cyst
表皮样囊肿 epidermoid cyst
腱鞘囊肿 tendinous cyst
外科感染 surgical infection
脓毒症 sepsis
脓毒综合征 sepsis syndrome
菌血症 bacteremia
真菌感染 fungal infection
机会感染（条件感染） opportunistic infection
破伤风 tetanus
气性坏疽 gas gangrene
人类免疫缺陷病毒 human immunodeficiency virus,HIV
创伤 trauma
清创术 debridement
止血 hemostasis
包扎 bandaging
固定 fixation
搬运与后送 transport and evacuation
火器伤 firearm wound
冲击伤 blast injury
核武器伤 nuclear weapon injury
烧伤 burns
烫伤 scalding
创面修复 wound repair
瘢痕 scar
挛缩 contraction
Ⅰ度烧伤 first degree burns
Ⅱ度烧伤 second degree burns
浅Ⅱ度烧伤 Superficial second degree burns
焦痂 eschar
轻度烧伤 mild degree burns
中度烧伤 moderate degree burns
重度烧伤 severe degree burns
特重烧伤 major burns
吸入性损伤 inhalation injury
冷疗 cold therapy
暴露 exposure
焦痂切开减张术 escharotomy
游离皮片移植 free skin grafting
皮瓣 flap
电烧伤 electrical burns
截肢 amputation
冷伤 cold injury
冻结性冷伤 frost cold injury
显微外科 microsurgery
断指（肢）再植术 replantation of finger(limb)
端端吻合 end-to-end anastomosis
端侧吻合 end-to-side anastomosis
神经外膜缝合 suture of epineurium
整形外科 plastic and reconstructive surgery
唇腭裂 cleft lip and palate
颅缝早闭症 craniosynostosis
面神经瘫痪 facial paralysis
小耳畸形 microtia
无耳畸形 atresia
多指 polydactyly
乳房增大 mammary hypertrophy
尿道下裂 hypospadias
阴道闭锁 obliteration of vagina
器官移植 organ transplantation
移植物 graft
供者 donor
受者 recipient
排斥反应 rejection
免疫抑制剂 immunosuppressants
器官切取 organ procurement
器官保存 organ preservation
肾移植 renal transplantation
心脏移植 cardiac transplantation
肿瘤 tumor
遗传易感性 hereditary susceptibility
癌 carcinoma
肉瘤 sarcoma
远处转移 metastasis
化学疗法 chemotherapy
放射疗法 radiotherapy
原癌基因 proto-oncogene
抑癌基因 anti-oncogene
肿瘤特异性抗原 tumor-specific antigen,TSA
肿瘤相关抗原 tumor-associated antigen,TAA
癌胚抗原 carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA
皮肤乳头状瘤 skin papilloma
老年性色素疣 senile pigmental wart
皮肤癌 skin carcinoma
基底细胞癌 basal cell carcinoma
鳞状细胞癌 squamous cell carcinoma
黑痣 pigment nevus
黑色素瘤 melanoma
脂肪瘤 lipoma
纤维瘤 fibroma
带状纤维瘤 desmoid fibroma
神经纤维瘤 neurofibroma
神经鞘瘤 schwannoma
血管瘤 hemangioma
颅内压增高 intracranial hypertension
颅内压 intracranial pressure, ICP
脑脊液 cerebrospinal fluid, CSF
计算机辅助断层扫描 computed tomography, CT
磁共振成像 magnetic resonance imaging, MRI
数字减影血管造影 digital subtraction angiography, DSA
脑疝 brain herniation
小脑幕切迹疝 transtentorial herniation
枕骨大孔疝 transforamen magna herniation
颅脑损伤 craniocerebral injury
对冲伤 contrecoup injury
格拉斯哥昏迷计分 Glasgow coma scale
皮下血肿 subcutaneous hematoma
帽状腱膜下血肿 subgaleal hematoma
头皮裂伤 scalp laceration
头皮撕脱伤 scalp avulsion
颅骨骨折 skull fracture
线形骨折 linear fracture
凹陷骨折 depressed fracture
颅底骨折 skull base fracture
脑震荡 cerebral concussion
脑挫裂伤 cerebral contusion
脑弥漫性轴索损伤 diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
硬脑膜外血肿 epidural hematoma
硬脑膜下血肿 subdural hematoma
脑内血肿 intracerebral hematoma
脑脊液鼻漏 cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
耳漏 otorrhea
星形细胞肿瘤 astrocytic tumors
成胶质细胞瘤 gliobastoma
室管膜瘤 ependymoma
听神经瘤 acoustic neuroma
脑膜瘤 meningioma
生殖细胞瘤 germ cell tumors
垂体腺瘤 pituitary adenoma
颅咽管瘤 craniopharyngioma
脊索瘤 chordoma
脑转移瘤 metastasis tumor of brain
蛛网膜下腔出血 subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH
颅内动脉瘤 intracranial aneurysm
震颤麻痹 shaking palsy
癫痫 epilepsy
外科 surgery
生物心理社会模式 biopsychosocial model
术前评估 preoperative evaluation
超声诊断 ultrasonography
血管镜 angioscopy
腹腔镜外科 laparoscopic surgery
微创外科 minimally invasive surgery(MIS)
胆道镜 choledochoscopy
腹腔镜 laparoscopy
后穹隆镜 culdoscopy
腹腔镜胆囊切除术 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC
消化内镜 gastrointestinal endoscopy
止血夹 haemoclip
内镜下逆行胰胆管造影 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP
经导管动脉内药物灌注术 transcatheter intraarterial infusion, TII
经导管动脉栓塞术 transcatheter arterial embolization, TAE
无菌原则 aseptic procedures
无菌术 aseptic technique
无菌法 asepsis
抗菌法 antisepsis
等渗性缺水 isotonic dehydration
低渗性缺水 hypotonic dehydration
高渗性缺水 hypertonic dehydration
水中毒 water intoxication
低钾血症 hypokalemia
高钾血症 hyperkalemia
低钙血症 hypocalcemia
高钙血症 hypercalcemia
镁缺乏 magnesium deficiency
镁过多 magnesium excess
低磷血症 hypophosphatemia
高磷血症 hyperphosphatemia
代谢性酸中毒 metabolic acidosis
代谢性碱中毒 metabolic alkalosis
呼吸性酸中毒 respiratory acidosis
呼吸性碱中毒 respiratory alkalosis
输血 blood transfusion
大量输血 massive transfusion
红细胞生成素 erythropoietin,EPO
溶血性输血反应 hemolytic transfusion reactions
自体输血 autologous blood transfusion
回收式自体输血 salvaged autotransfusion
预存式自体输血 predeposited autotransfusion
稀释式自体输血 hemodiluted autotransfusion
血液成分 blood components
新鲜冰冻血浆 fresh frozen plasma,FFP
血液代用品 blood substitute
休克 shock
失血性休克 hemorrhagic shock
创伤性休克 traumatic shock
脓毒性休克 septic shock
肠外营养 total parenteral nutrition ,TPN
肠内营养 total enteral nutrition ,TEN
基础能量消耗 basal energy expenditure ,BEE
要素饮食 elemental diet
多器官功能衰竭 multiple organ failure ,MOF
急性肾衰竭 acute renal failure ,ARF
少尿 oliguria
无尿 anuria
血液净化 hemopurification
血液透析 hemodialysis
腹膜透析 peritoneal dialysis
应激性溃疡 stress ulcer
脑水肿 cerebral edema
急性肝衰竭 acute hepatic failure
误吸 aspiration
窒息 apnea
吸入性肺炎 aspiration pneumonitis
意识 consciousness
唤醒 arousal
觉醒 awareness
药物治疗 pharmacological therapy
外伤性癫痫 post-traumatic epilepsy
急救复苏 aid and resuscitation
心肺复苏 cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,CPR
心肺脑复苏 cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation ,CPCR
基本生命支持（初期复苏） basic life support ,BLS
后期复苏 advanced life support ,ALS
复苏后治疗 post-resuscitation treatment ,PRT
脑保护 brain protection
脑复苏 brain resocitation
脑死亡 brain death
植物状态 vegetative state
植物人 persistent vegetative state （PVS）
疼痛治疗 pain management
神经源性疼痛 neuropathic pain
心理性疼痛 psychogenic pain
中枢性疼痛 central pain
末梢性疼痛 peripheral pain
单次剂量 demand dose
面肌痉挛 facial spasm
三叉神经痛 trigeminal neuralgia
舌咽神经痛 glossopharyngeal neuralgia
低氧血症 hypoxemia
恶性高热 malignant hyperthermia
低血压 hypotension
高血压 hypertension
心律失常 arrhythmia
心跳骤停 cardiac arrest
心室纤颤 ventricular fibrillation
抽搐 twitching
惊厥 convulsions
重症监测治疗病室 intensive care unit ,ICU
恢复体位 recovery position
中心静脉压 central venous pressure ,CVP
扭伤 sprain
挫伤 contusion
软组织刺伤 pricking wound
异物 foreign body
浅部切割伤 incised wound
敷料更换（换药术） change of dressing
疖 furuncle
痈 carbuncle
急性蜂窝织炎 acute cellulitis
新生儿皮下坏疽 subcutaneous gangrene of newborn
急性淋巴管炎 acute lymphangitis
丹毒 erysipelas
脓肿 abscess
甲沟炎 paronychia
脓性指头炎 felon
瘘管 fistula cannulas
窦道 sinus tract
皮样囊肿 dermoid cyst
皮脂腺囊肿 sebaceous cyst
表皮样囊肿 epidermoid cyst
腱鞘囊肿 tendinous cyst
外科感染 surgical infection
脓毒症 sepsis
脓毒综合征 sepsis syndrome
菌血症 bacteremia
真菌感染 fungal infection
机会感染（条件感染） opportunistic infection
破伤风 tetanus
气性坏疽 gas gangrene
人类免疫缺陷病毒 human immunodeficiency virus ,HIV
创伤 trauma
清创术 debridement
止血 hemostasis
包扎 bandaging
固定 fixation
搬运与后送 transport and evacuation
火器伤 firearm wound
冲击伤 blast injury
核武器伤 nuclear weapon injury
烧伤 burns
烫伤 scalding
创面修复 wound repair
瘢痕 scar
挛缩 contraction
Ⅰ度烧伤 first degree burns
Ⅱ度烧伤 second degree burns
浅Ⅱ度烧伤 Superficial second degree burns
焦痂 eschar
轻度烧伤 mild degree burns
中度烧伤 moderate degree burns
重度烧伤 severe degree burns
特重烧伤 major burns
吸入性损伤 inhalation injury
冷疗 cold therapy
暴露 exposure
焦痂切开减张术 escharotomy
游离皮片移植 free skin grafting
皮瓣 flap
电烧伤 electrical burns
截肢 amputation
冷伤 cold injury
冻结性冷伤 frost cold injury
显微外科 microsurgery
断指（肢）再植术 replantation of finger(limb)
端端吻合 end-to-end anastomosis
端侧吻合 end-to-side anastomosis
神经外膜缝合 suture of epineurium
整形外科 plastic and reconstructive surgery
唇腭裂 cleft lip and palate
颅缝早闭症 craniosynostosis
面神经瘫痪 facial paralysis
小耳畸形 microtia
无耳畸形 atresia
多指 polydactyly
乳房增大 mammary hypertrophy
尿道下裂 hypospadias
阴道闭锁 obliteration of vagina
器官移植 organ transplantation
移植物 graft
供者 donor
受者 recipient
排斥反应 rejection
免疫抑制剂 immunosuppressants
器官切取 organ procurement
器官保存 organ preservation
肾移植 renal transplantation
心脏移植 cardiac transplantation
肿瘤 tumor
遗传易感性 hereditary susceptibility
癌 carcinoma
肉瘤 sarcoma
远处转移 metastasis
化学疗法 chemotherapy
放射疗法 radiotherapy
原癌基因 proto-oncogene
抑癌基因 anti-oncogene
肿瘤特异性抗原 tumor-specific antigen,TSA
肿瘤相关抗原 tumor-associated antigen,TAA
癌胚抗原 carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA
皮肤乳头状瘤 skin papilloma
老年性色素疣 senile pigmental wart
皮肤癌 skin carcinoma
基底细胞癌 basal cell carcinoma
鳞状细胞癌 squamous cell carcinoma
黑痣 pigment nevus
黑色素瘤 melanoma
脂肪瘤 lipoma
纤维瘤 fibroma
带状纤维瘤 desmoid fibroma
神经纤维瘤 neurofibroma
神经鞘瘤 schwannoma
血管瘤 hemangioma
颅内压增高 intracranial hypertension
颅内压 intracranial pressure, ICP
脑脊液 cerebrospinal fluid, CSF
计算机辅助断层扫描 computed tomography, CT
磁共振成像 magnetic resonance imaging, MRI
数字减影血管造影 digital subtraction angiography, DSA
脑疝 brain herniation
小脑幕切迹疝 transtentorial herniation
枕骨大孔疝 transforamen magna herniation
颅脑损伤 craniocerebral injury
对冲伤 contrecoup injury
格拉斯哥昏迷计分 Glasgow coma scale
皮下血肿 subcutaneous hematoma
帽状腱膜下血肿 subgaleal hematoma
头皮裂伤 scalp laceration
头皮撕脱伤 scalp avulsion
颅骨骨折 skull fracture
线形骨折 linear fracture
凹陷骨折 depressed fracture
颅底骨折 skull base fracture
脑震荡 cerebral concussion
脑挫裂伤 cerebral contusion
脑弥漫性轴索损伤 diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
硬脑膜外血肿 epidural hematoma
硬脑膜下血肿 subdural hematoma
脑内血肿 intracerebral hematoma
脑脊液鼻漏 cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
耳漏 otorrhea
星形细胞肿瘤 astrocytic tumors
成胶质细胞瘤 gliobastoma
室管膜瘤 ependymoma
听神经瘤 acoustic neuroma
脑膜瘤 meningioma
生殖细胞瘤 germ cell tumors
垂体腺瘤 pituitary adenoma
颅咽管瘤 craniopharyngioma
脊索瘤 chordoma
脑转移瘤 metastasis tumor of brain
蛛网膜下腔出血 subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH
颅内动脉瘤 intracranial aneurysm
震颤麻痹 shaking palsy
癫痫 epilepsy
单纯性甲状腺肿 simple goiter
结节性甲状腺肿 nodular goiter
甲状腺功能亢进 hyperthyroidism
高功能腺瘤 hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma
甲状旁腺功能减退 hypoparathyroidism
甲状腺危象 thyroid crisis
甲状腺腺瘤 thyroid adenoma
单纯性甲状腺肿 simple goiter
结节性甲状腺肿 nodular goiter
甲状腺功能亢进 hyperthyroidism
高功能腺瘤 hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma
甲状旁腺功能减退 hypoparathyroidism
甲状腺危象 thyroid crisis
甲状腺腺瘤 thyroid adenoma


本文关键字：外科学词汇